The Meaning of Anxiety

Foreword to the First Edition

Foreword to the Revised Edition

Acknowledgments

PART I
MODERN INTERPRETATIONS OF ANXIETY

1. ANXIETY IN MID-TWENTIETH CENTURY

In Social Studies

In the Political Scene

In Philosophy and Theology

Purpose of This Book

2. PHILOSOPHICAL INTERPRETERS OF ANXIETY

Spinoza: Reason Overcoming Fear

Pascal: The Inadequacy of Reason

Kierkegaard: Anxiety in the Nineteenth Century

3. ANXIETY INTERPRETED BIOLOGICALLY

The Startle Pattern

Anxiety and the Catastrophic Reaction

Anxiety and the Loss of the World

Origins of Anxiety and Fear as Seen by Goldstein

The Capacity to Bear Anxiety

Neurological and Physiological Aspects of Anxiety

Perception of Danger

Balance in the Autonomic System

Psychosomatic Aspects of Anxiety

An Example: Gastric Functions

The Case of Tom

Culture and the Meaning of Disease

4. ANXIETY INTERPRETED PSYCHOLOGICALLY

Do Animals Have Anxiety?

The Study of Children’s Fears

Maturation in Anxiety and Fears

Fears Masking Anxiety

A Note on Stress and Anxiety

Recent Research on Anxiety

Anxiety and Learning Theory

Personal Comments

5. ANXIETY INTERPRETED BY THE PSYCHOTHERAPISTS

Freud’s Evolving Theories of Anxiety

Anxiety and Repression

Origins of Anxiety as Seen by Freud

Trends in Freud’s Theories of Anxiety

Rank: Anxiety and Individuation

Adler: Anxiety and Inferiority Feelings

Jung: Anxiety and the Threat of the Irrational

Horney: Anxiety and Hostility

Sullivan: Anxiety as Apprehension of Disapproval

6. ANXIETY INTERPRETED CULTURALLY

The Importance of the Historical Dimension

Individualism in the Renaissance

Competitive Individualism in Work and Wealth

Fromm: Individual Isolation in Modern Culture

Anxiety and the Market Place

Mechanisms of Escape

Kardiner: Western Man’s Growth Pattern

7. SUMMARY AND SYNTHESIS OF THEORIES OF ANXIETY

The Nature of Anxiety

Normal and Neurotic Anxiety

Origins of Anxiety

Maturation of the Capacity for Anxiety

Anxiety and Fear

Anxiety and Conflict

Anxiety and Hostility

Culture and Community

PART II
CLINICAL ANALYSIS OF ANXIETY

8. CASE STUDIES DEMONSTRATING ANXIETY

What We Seek to Discover

Harold Brown: Conflict Underlying Severe Anxiety

9. THE STUDY OF UNMARRIED MOTHERS

Helen: Intellectualizing as a Defense against Anxiety

Nancy: Expectations at War with Reality

Agnes: Anxiety Related to Hostility and Aggression

Louise: Rejection by Mother without Anxiety

Bessie: Rejection by Parents without Anxiety

Dolores: Anxiety Panic While under Severe Threat

Phyllis: Absence of Anxiety in an Impoverished Personality

Frances: Constriction versus the Creative Impulse

Charlotte: Psychotic Developments as an Escape from Anxiety

Hester: Anxiety, Defiance, and Rebellion

Sarah and Ada: Absence and Presence of Anxiety in Two Black Women

Irene: Anxiety, Overconscientiousness, and Shyness

10. GLEANINGS FROM THE CASE STUDIES

Anxiety Underlying Fear

Conflict: Source of Anxiety

Rejection by Parents and Anxiety

Cleavage between Expectations and Reality

Neurotic Anxiety and the Middle Class

PART III
THE MANAGEMENT OF ANXIETY

11. METHODS OF DEALING WITH ANXIETY

In Extreme Situations

Destructive Ways

Constructive Ways

12. ANXIETY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SELF

Anxiety and the Impoverishment of Personality

Creativity, Intelligence, and Anxiety

The Realization of the Self