　

注解

　

　

第一章

　

1. Hans Selye, The Stress of Life,rev. ed. (New York:McGraw-Hill,1978), 4.

2. M.Angell,"Disease as a Reflection of the Psyche," New England Journal of Medicine, 13 June 1985.

3. Interview with Dr. Robert Maunder.

4. Plato, Charmides,quoted in A.A.Brill, Freud's Contribution to Psychiatry, (New York, W.W. Norton,1944),233.

　

　

第二章

　

1. G. M.Franklin,"Stress and Its Relationship to Acute Exacerbations in Multiple Sclerosis," Journal of Neurological Rehabilitation 2, no. 1 (1988).

2. I.Grant,"Psychosomatic-Somatopsychic Aspects of Multiple Sclerosis,"in U. Halbriech, ed., Multiple Sclerosis:A Neuropsychiatric Disorder, no. 37, Progress in Psychiatry series (Washington/London:American Psychiatric Press).

3. V.Mei-Tal,"The Role of Psychological Process in a Somatic Disorder:Multiple Sclerosis," Psychosomatic Medicine 32, no. 1 (1970), 68.

4. G. S. Philippopoulous,"The Etiologic Significance of Emotional Factors in Onset and Exacerbations of Multiple Sclerosis," Psychosomatic Medicine 20 (1958): 458–74.

5. Mei-Tal,"The Role of Psychological Process . ..,"73.

6. I.Grant,"Severely Threatening Events and Marked Life Difficulties Preceding Onset or Exacerbation of Multiple Sclerosis," Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 52 (1989): 8–13. Seventy-seven per cent of the MS group, but only 35 per cent of the control group, experienced marked life adversity in the year prior to the appearance of disease."The excess in marked life stress was most evident in the 6 months before onset. ... 24 of 39 multiple sclerosis patients (62 per cent) reported a severely threatening event, as compared with six of 40 controls (15 per cent). . . . Significantly more patients than controls experienced marital difficulties (49 per cent vs. 10 per cent). ... Eighteen of 23 first cases and 12 of 16 relapsing cases reported marked adversity."

7. J. D.Wilson., ed., Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed.(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999), 2039.

8. L. J. Rosner,Multiple Sclerosis: New Hope and Practical Advice for People with MS and Their Families (New York:Fireside Publishers, 1992), 15.

9. E.Chelmicka-Schorr and B. G.Arnason, "Nervous System–Immune System Interactions and Their Role in Multiple Sclerosis," Annals of Neurology, supplement to vol. 36 (1994), S29–S32.

10. Elizabeth Wilson, Jacqueline du Pré (London: Faber and Faber, 1999), 160.

11. Hilary du Pré and Piers du Pré, A Genius in the Family:An Intimate Memoir of Jacqueline du Pré (New York:Vintage, 1998)

12. Wilson, Jacqueline du Pré.

　

　

第三章

　

1. Selye, The Stress of Life,xv.

5. E. M. Sternberg (moderator),"The Stress Response and the Regulation of Inflammatory Disease," Annals of Internal Medicine 17, no. 10 (15 November 1992), 855.

6. A. Kusnecov and B. S. Rabin,"Stressor-Induced Alterations of Immune Function: Mechanisms and Issues," International Archives of Allergy and Immunology 105 (1994), 108.

7. Selye, The Stress of Life, 370.

8. S. Levine and H.Ursin,"What Is Stress?"in S. Levine and H.Ursin, eds., Psychobiology of Stress (New York:Academic Press), 17.

9. W.R.Malarkey,"Behavior:The Endocrine-Immune Interface and Health Outcomes," in T.Theorell, ed., Everyday Biological Stress Mechanisms, vol. 22, (Basel: Karger, 2001), 104–115.

10. M.A.Hofer,"Relationships as Regulators:A Psychobiologic Perspective on Bereavement," Psychosomatic Medicine 46, no. 3 (May–June 1984), 194.

11. Ross Buck,"Emotional Communication,Emotional Competence,and Physical Illness:A Developmental-Interactionist View," in J. Pennebaker and H.Treve, eds., Emotional Expressiveness, Inhibition and Health (Seattle: Hogrefe and Huber, 1993), 38.

　

　

第四章

　

1. Suzannah Horgan, Communication Issues and ALS:A Collaborative Exploration (Thesis submitted to the Division of Applied Psychology, University of Alberta, Calgary, 2001).

2. Wolfgang J. Streit and Carol A.Kincaid-Colton,"The Brain's Immune System," Scientific American 273, no. 5 (November 1995).

3. W.A.Brown and P.S. Mueller,"Psychological Function in Individuals with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis," Psychosomatic Medicine 32, no. 2 (March–April 1970), 141–52.The countervailing study is by J. L. Houpt et al.,"Psychological Characteristics of Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis," Psychosomatic Medicine 39, no. 5, 299–303.

4. A.J.Wilbourn and H.Mitsumoto,"Why Are Patients with ALS So Nice?"presented at the ninth International ALS Symposium on ALS/MND, Munich, 1998.

5. Michael White and John Gribbin, Stephen Hawking:A Life in Science (London: Viking, 1992).

6. Evelyn Bell, Cries of the Silent (Calgary:ALS Society of Alberta,1999),12.

7. Jane Hawking, Music to Move the Stars (London: Pan/Macmillan, 1993).

8. Christiane Northrup,Women's Bodies,Women's Wisdom: Creating Physical and Emotional Health and Healing (New York:Bantam Books,1998),61.

　

　

第五章

　

1. Jill Graham et al.,"Stressful Life Experiences and Risk of Relapse of Breast Cancer: Observational Cohort Study," British Medical Journal 324 (15 June 2002).

2. D. E. Stewart et al.,"Attributions of Cause and Recurrence in Long-Term Breast Cancer Survivors," Psycho-Oncology (March–April 2001).

3. Sandra M.Levy and Beverly D.Wise,"Psychosocial Risk Factors and Disease Progression," in Cary L. Cooper, ed., Stress and Breast Cancer (New York:John Wiley & Sons, 1988), 77–96.

4. M.Wirsching,"Psychological Identification of Breast Cancer Patients Before Biopsy," Journal of Psychosomatic Research 26 (1982), cited in Cary L. Cooper, ed., Stress and Breast Cancer (New York:John Wiley & Sons,1993),13.

5. C. B. Bahnson,"Stress and Cancer:The State of the Art," Psychosomatics 22, no. 3 (March 1981), 213.

6. S. Greer and T. Morris,"Psychological Attributes of Women Who Develop Breast Cancer:A Controlled Study, Journal of Psychosomatic Research 19 (1975), 147–53.

7. C. L. Bacon et al. "A Psychosomatic Survey of Cancer of the Breast," Psychosomatic Medicine 14 (1952):453–60,paraphrased in Bahnson,"Stress and Cancer."

8. Sandra M. Levy, Behavior and Cancer (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1985), 166.

9. Betty Ford, Betty:A Glad Awakening (New York: Doubleday,1987), 36.

　

　

第六章

　

1. Betty Krawczyk, Lock Me Up or Let Me Go (Vancouver: Raincoast, 2002).

2. Betty Shiver Krawczyk, Clayoquot:The Sound of My Heart (Victoria: Orca Book Publishers, 1996).

　

　

第七章

　

1. D. M.Kissen and H.G. Eysenck,"Personality in Male Lung Cancer Patients," Journal of Psychosomatic Research 6 (1962), 123.

2. T. Cox and C. MacKay,"Psychosocial Factors and Psychophysiological Mechanisms in the Aetiology and Development of Cancers," Social Science and Medicine 16 (1982), 385.

3. R. Grossarth-Maticek et al.,"Psychosocial Factors as Strong Predictors of Mortality from Cancer,Ischaemic Heart Disease and Stroke:The Yugoslav Prospective Study," Journal of Psychosomatic Research 29, no. 2 (1985), 167–76.

4. C. B. Pert et al., "Neuropeptides and Their Receptors:A Psychosomatic Network," The Journal of Immunology 135, no. 2 (August 1985).

5. Candace Pert, Molecules of Emotion:Why You Feel the Way You Feel (New York: Touchstone, 1999), 22–23.

6. E.R.De Kloet,"Corticosteroids,Stress,and Aging," Annals of New York Academy of Sciences, 663 (1992), 358.

7. Rajesh K. Naz, Prostate: Basic and Clinical Aspects (Boca Raton: CRC Press,1997), 75.

8. J. K.Kiecolt-Glaser and R.Glaser,"Psychoneuroimmunology and Immunotoxicology: Implications for Carcinogenesis," Psychosomatic Medicine 61 (1999), 271–72.

9. C.Tournier et al.,"Requirement of JNK for Stress-Induced Activation of the Cytochrome c-Mediated Death Pathway," Science 288 (5 May 2000), 870–74.

10. W.Jung and M.Irwin,"Reduction of Natural Killer Cytotoxic Activity in Major Depression: Interaction between Depression and Cigarette Smoking," Psychosomatic Medicine 61 (1999), 263–70.

11. H.Anisman et al.,"Neuroimmune Mechanisms in Health and Disease: 2. Disease," Canadian Medical Association Journal 155, no. 8 (15 October 1996).

12. Levy, Behavior and Cancer, 146–47.

13. C. Shively et al., "Behavior and Physiology of Social Stress and Depression in Female Cynomolgus Monkeys, Biological Psychiatry 41 (1997), 871–82.

14. M. D. Marcus et al.,"Psychological correlates of functional hypothalamic amenor.rhea," Fertility and Sterility 76, no. 2 (August 2001), 315.

15. J. C. Prior,"Ovulatory Disturbances:They Do Matter," Canadian Journal of Diagnosis,February 1997.

16. J. G. Goldberg, ed., Psychotherapeutic Treatment of Cancer Patients (New York:The Free Press, 1981), 46.

17. B.A.Stoll, ed., Prolonged Arrest of Cancer (Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 1982), 1.

18. Levy, Behavior and Cancer, 146.

19. C. L. Cooper, ed., Stress and Breast Cancer (Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 1988), 32.

21. Ibid., 31–32.

22. Ibid., 123.

23. J. G. Goldberg, ed., Psychotherapeutic Treatment of Cancer Patients, 45.

24. L.Elit,"Familial Ovarian Cancer," Canadian Family Physician 47 (April 2001).

　

　

第八章

　

1. G. L. Lu-Yao et al., "Effect of Age and Surgical Approach on Complications and Short-Term Mortality after Radical Prostatectomy—A Population-Based Study," Urology 54, no. 2 (August 1999), 301–7.

2. Study discussed in the periodical Cancer, 1997, cited in ibid.

3. C. J. Newschaffer et al.,"Causes of Death in Elderly Cancer Patients and in a Comparison Nonprostate Cancer Cohort," Journal of the National Cancer Institute 92, no.8 (19 April 2000), 613–22.

4. S. M. Levy, ed., Biological Mediators of Behavior and Disease: Neoplasia (New York: Elsevier Biomedical, 1981), 76.

5. Roger S. Kirby et al., Prostate Cancer (St. Louis: Mosby, 2001), 29.

7. R. P. Greenberg and P. J. Dattore,"The Relationship between Dependency and the Development of Cancer," Psychosomatic Medicine 43, no. 1 (February 1981).

8. Andrew Kirtzman, Rudy Giuliani: Emperor of the City (New York: HarperPerennial, 2001).

9. Lance Armstrong, It's Not about the Bike: My Journey Back to Life (New York: Berkley Books, 2001).

10. A. Horwich, ed., Testicular Cancer: Investigation and Management (Philadelphia: Williams & Wilkins, 1991), 6.

　

　

第九章

　

1. Levy, Behavior and Cancer, 19.

2. W.Kneier and L.Temoshok,"Repressive Coping Reactions in Patients with Malignant Melanoma as Compared to Cardiovascular Patients," Journal of Psychosomatic Research 28, no. 2 (1984), 145–55.

3. L.Temoshok and B. Fox,"Coping Styles and Other Psychosocial Factors Related to Medical Status and to Prognosis in Patients with Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma," in B. Fox and B. Newberry, eds., Impact of Psychoendocrine Systems in Cancer and Immunity (New York: C. J. Hogrefe, 1984), 263.

4. Levy, Behavior and Cancer, 17.

5. G.A. Kune et al.,"Personality as a Risk Factor in Large Bowel Cancer: Data from the Melbourne Colorectal Cancer Study," Psychological Medicine 21 (1991): 29–41.

6. C. B.Thomas and R.L.Greenstreet,"Psychobiological Characteristics in Youth as Predictors of Five Disease States: Suicide, Mental Illness, Hypertension, Coronary Heart Disease and Tumor," Hopkins Medical Journal 132 (January 1973), 38.

　

　

第十章

　

1. Malcolm Champion et al., eds., Optimal Management of IBD: Role of the Primary Care Physician (Toronto:The Medicine Group, 2001).

2. G. Moser et al.,"Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Patients' Beliefs about the Etiology of Their Disease—A Controlled Study," Psychosomatic Medicine 55 (1993), 131, cited in R. Maunder,"Mediators of Stress Effects in Inflammatory Bowel Disease:Not the Usual Suspects," Journal of Psychosomatic Research 48 (2000), 569–77.

3. G. L. Engel, as paraphrased in G. F. Solomon et al.,"Immunity,Emotions,and Stress," Annals of Clinical Research 6 (1974), 313–22.

4. G. L.Engel,"Studies of Ulcerative Colitis III:The Nature of the Psychological Process," American Journal of Medicine 19 (1955),31,cited in A.Watkins,ed., Mind-Body Medicine:A Clinician's Guide to Psychoneuroimmunology (New York:Churchill Livingstone,1997),140.

5. D. A.Drossman,"Presidential Address:Gastrointestinal Illness and the Biopsychosocial Model," Psychosomatic Medicine 60 (1998): 258–67.

6. S. R.Targan,"Biology of Inflammation in Crohn's Disease:Mechanisms of Action of Anti-TNF-Alpha Therapy," Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology: Update on Liver and Inflammatory Bowel Disease, vol. 14, supplement C (September 2000).

7. H.Anisman et al.,"Neuroimmune Mechanisms in Health and Disease: 1: Health," Canadian Medical Association Journal 155, no. 7 (1 October 1996), 872.

8. S. Levenstein et al., "Stress and Exacerbation in Ulcerative Colitis:A Prospective Study of Patients Enrolled in Remission," American Journal of Gastroenterology 95, no. 5, 1213–20.

9. Noel Hershfield,"Hans Selye,Inflammatory Bowel Disease and the Placebo Response," Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 11, no. 7 (October 1997): 623–24.

　

　

第十一章

　

1. Y. Ringel and D.A.Drossman,"Toward a Positive and Comprehensive Diagnosis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome," <Medscape/gastro/journal> 2, no. 6 (26 December 2000).

2. Drossman,"Presidential Address,"259.

4. E.A.Mayer and H.E.Raybould,"Role ofVisceral Afferent Mechanisms in Functional Bowel Disorders," Gastroenterology 99 (December 1990): 1688–1704.

5. Drossman,"Presidential Address,"263.

6. Lin Chang,"The Emotional Brain,in Diagnosis and Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome," (Oakville: Pulsus Group, 2001), 2. Highlights from a symposium held during Canadian Digestive Diseases Week,Banff,Alberta,26 February 2001.

7. J. Lesserman et al.,"Sexual and Physical Abuse History in Gastroenterology Practice: How Types of Abuse Impact Health Status," Psychosomatic Medicine 58 (1996), 4–15.

9. M. D. Gershon, The Second Brain:The Scientific Basis of Gut Instinct (New York: HarperCollins, 1998), xiii.

10. Mayer and Raybould,"Role of Visceral Afferent Mechanisms in Functional Bowel Disorders."

11. Lin Chang,"The Emotional Brain ..."

12. Drossman,"Presidential Address," 262.

13. L.A. Bradley et al.,"The Relationship between Stress and Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux:The Influence of Psychological Factors," American Journal of Gastroenterology 88, no.1 (January 1993), 11–18.

14. W.J. Dodds et al.,"Mechanisms of Gastroesophageal Reflux in Patients with Reflux Esophagitis," New England Journal of Medicine 307, no. 25 (16 December 1982), 1547–52.

15. D.A.Drossman et al.,"Effects of Coping on Health Outcome among Women with Gastrointestinal Disorders," Psychosomatic Medicine 62 (2000), 309–17.

　

　

第十二章

　

1. M. J. Meaney et al.,"Effect of Neonatal Handling on Age-Related Impairments Associated with the Hippocampus," Science 239 (12 February 1988), 766–68.

2. D.A. Snowdon et al., "Linguistic Ability in Early Life and the Neuropathology of Alzheimer's Disease and Cerebrovascular Disease: Findings from the Nun Study," Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 903 (April 2000), 34–38.

3. Victoria Glendinning, Jonathan Swift:A Portrait (Toronto: Doubleday Canada, 1998).

4. David Shenk, The Forgetting:Alzheimer's:The Portrait of an Epidemic (New York: Doubleday, 2001).

5. D.A.Snowdon,"Aging and Alzheimer's Disease:Lessons from the Nun Study," Gerontologist 38, no. 1 (February 1998), 5–6.

6. V.A. Evseev et al.,"Dysregulation in Neuroimmunopathology and Perspectives of Immunotherapy," Bulletin of Experimental Biological Medicine 131, no. 4 (April 2001), 305–308.

7. M. F. Frecker et al.,"Immunological Associations in Familial and Non-familial Alzheimer's Patients and Their Families," Canadian Journal of Neurological Science 21, no. 2 (May 1994), 112–19.

8. M. Popovic et al.,"Importance of Immunological and Inflammatory Processes in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease," International Journal of Neuroscience 9, no. 3–4 (September 1995), 203–36.

9. F. Marx et al.,"Mechanisms of Immune Regulation in Alzheimer's Disease:A Viewpoint," Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 47, no. 4 (1999), 204–209.

10. J. K. Kiecolt-Glaser et al.,"Emotions, Morbidity, and Mortality: New Perspectives from Psychoneuroimmunology," Annual Review of Psychology 53 (2002), 83–107.

11. Edmund Morris, Dutch: A Memoir of Ronald Reagan (New York: Modern Library, 1999).

12. Michael Korda, Another Life (New York:Random House,1999).

　

　

第十三章

　

1. C. E.G. Robinson,"Emotional Factors and Rheumatoid Arthritis," Canadian Medical Association Journal 77 (15 August 1957), 344–45.

2. B. R. Shochet et al.,"A Medical-Psychiatric Study of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis," Psychosomatics 10, no. 5 (September–October 1969), 274.

3. John Bowlby, Attachment, 2nd ed.(New York:Basic Books,1982),377.

4. R.Otto and I.R.Mackay,"Psycho-Social and Emotional Disturbance in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus," Medical Journal of Australia, (9 September 1967), 488–93.

5. John Bowlby, Loss (New York:Basic Books,1980),69.

6. Bowlby, Attachment, 68.

7. Michael Hagmann,"A New Way to Keep Immune Cells in Check," Science, 1945.

8. P.Marrack and J. W.Kappler,"How the Immune System Recognizes the Body," Scientific American,September 1993.

9. G. F.Solomon and R.H.Moos,"The Relationship of Personality to the Presence of Rheumatoid Factor in Asymptomatic Relatives of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis," Psychosomatic Medicine 27, no. 4 (1965), 350–60.

10. M.W. Stewart et al.,"Differential Relationships between Stress and Disease Activity for Immunologically Distinct Subgroups of People with Rheumatoid Arthritis," Journal of Abnormal Psychology 103, no. 2 (May 1994), 251–58.

11. D. J.Wallace,"The Role of Stress and Trauma in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus," Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism 16, no. 3 (February 1987), 153–57.

12. S. L. Feigenbaum et al.,"Prognosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis:A Longitudinal Study of Newly Diagnosed Adult Patients," The American Journal of Medicine 66 (March 1979).

13. J. M. Hoffman et al.,"An Examination of Individual Differences in the Relationship between Interpersonal Stress and Disease Activity Among Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis," Arthritis Care Research 11, no. 4 (August 1998), 271–79.

14. J. M. Hoffman et al.,"Examination of Changes in Interpersonal Stress as a Factor in Disease Exacerbations among Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis," Annals of Behavioral Medicine 19, no. 3a (Summer 1997), 279–86.

15. L. R. Chapman, et al.,"Augmentation of the Inflammatory Reaction by Activity of the Central Nervous System," American Medical Association Archives of Neurology 1 (November 1959).

16. Hoffman,"Examination of Changes in Interpersonal Stress . .."

　

　

第十四章

　

1. Hofer,"Relationships as Regulators."

2. Buck,"Emotional Communication,Emotional Competence,and Physical Illness,"42.

3. Seeman and McEwen,"Impact of Social Environment Characteristics . .."

4. E.Pennisi,"Neuroimmunology:Tracing Molecules That Make the Brain-Body Connection," Science 275 (14 February 1997), 930–31.

5. G.Affleck et al.,"Mood States Associated with Transitory Changes in Asthma Symptoms and Peak Expiratory Flow," Psychosomatic Medicine 62, 62–68.

6. D.A.Mrazek,"Childhood Asthma:The Interplay of Psychiatric and Physiological Factors," Advances in Psychosomatic Medicine 14 (1985), 16–32.

8. I. Florin et al.,"Emotional Expressiveness, Psychophysiological Reactivity and Mother-Child Interaction with Asthmatic Children," in Pennebaker and Treve, Emotional Expressiveness, Inhibition and Health, 188–89.

9. S. Minuchin et al, "A Conceptual Model of Psychosomatic Illness in Children, Family Organization and Family Therapy," Archives of General Psychiatry 32 (August 1975), 1031–38.

10. M.A. Price et al.,"The Role of Psychosocial Factors in the Development of Breast Carcinoma. Part II: Life Event Stressors, Social Support, Defense Style, and Emotional Control and Their Interactions," Cancer 91, no. 4 (15 February 2001), 686–97.

11. P.Reynolds and G.A.Kaplan,"Social Connections and Risk for Cancer:Prospective Evidence from the Alameda County Study," Behavioral Medicine, (Fall 1990), 101–10.

12. For a full discussion of differentiation, see Michael E. Kerr and Murray Bowen, Family Evaluation:An Approach Based on Bowen Theory (New York:W.W.Norton & Company, 1988), chapter 4, 89–111.

13. S. E.Locke,"Stress,Adaptation,and Immunity:Studies in Humans," General Hospital Psychiatry 4 (1982), 49–58.

14. J. K. Kiecolt-Glaser et al.,"Marital Quality, Marital Disruption, and Immune Function," Psychosomatic Medicine 49, no. 1 ( January–February 1987).

15. Kerr and Bowen, Family Evaluation, 182.

16. Seeman and McEwen,"Impact of Social Environment Characteristics . ..,"459.

　

　

第十五章

　

1. L.Grassi and S. Molinari,"Early Family Attitudes and Neoplastic Disease,"Abstracts of the Fifth Symposium on Stress and Cancer, Kiev, 1984; cited in H. J. Baltrusch and M.E.Waltz,"Early Family Attitudes and the Stress Process—A Life-Span and Personological Model of Host-Tumor Relationships: Biopsychosocial Research on Cancer and Stress in Central Europe," in Stacey B. Day, ed., Cancer, Stress and Death (New York: Plenum Medical Book Company, 1986), 275.

3. L. G. Russek et al.,"Perceptions of Parental Caring Predict Health Status in Midlife: A 35-Year Follow-up of the Harvard Mastery Stress Study," Psychosomatic Medicine 59 (1997), 144–49.

4. M.A.Hofer,"On the Nature and Consequences of Early Loss," Psychosomatic Medicine 58 (1996), 570–80.

5. "Kisses and Chemistry Linked in Rats," The Globe and Mail (Toronto) 17 September 1997.

6. Hofer,"On the Nature and Consequences of Early Loss."

7. S. Levine and H.Ursin,"What is Stress?"in S. Levine and H.Ursin,eds., Psychobiology of Stress,(New York:Academic Press,1972),17.

8. Allan Schore, Affect Regulation and the Origin of the Self:The Neurobiology of Emotional Development (Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1994), 378.

　

　

第十六章

　

1. M.Marmot and E.Brunner,"Epidemiological Applications of Long-Term Stress in Daily Life,"in T.Theorell,ed., Everyday Biological Stress Mechanisms, vol. 22 (Basel: Karger, 2001), 89–90.

2. C. Caldji et al.,"Maternal Care During Infancy Regulates the Development of Neural Systems Mediating the Expression of Fearfulness in the Rat," Neurobiology 95, no. 9 (28 April 1998), 5335–40.

3. C. Caldji et al.,"Variations in Maternal Care in Infancy Regulate the Development of Stress Reactivity," Biological Psychiatry 48, no. 12, 1164–74.

4. L. Miller et al.,"Intergenerational Transmission of Parental Bonding among Women," Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 36 (1997), 1134–39.

5. R.Yehuda et al.,"Cortisol Levels in Adult Offspring of Holocaust Survivors: Relation to PTSD Symptom Severity in the Parent and Child," Psychoneuroendocrinology 27, no. 1–2 (2001), 171–80.

6. D. J. Siegel, The Developing Mind:Toward a Neurobiology of Interpersonal Experience (New York: The Guilford Press, 1999), 73.

7. Selye, The Stress of Life, 81.

8. Kerr and Bowen, Family Evaluation, 259.

9. Caldji,"Variations In Maternal Care in Infancy . .."

10. M.Kerr,"Cancer and the Family Emotional System,"in J. G. Goldberg,ed., Psychotherapeutic Treatment of Cancer Patients (New York:The Free Press,1981),297.

11. Selye, The Stress of Life, 391.

12. D. Raphael, Social Justice Is Good for Our Hearts:Why Societal Factors—Not Lifestyles—Are Major Causes of Heart Disease in Canada and Elsewhere (Toronto: CSJ Foundation for Research and Education, 2002), xi; report available at http://www.socialjustice.org.

　

　

第十七章

　

1. B. H.Lipton,"Nature,Nurture and Human Development," Journal of Prenatal and Perinatal Psychology and Health 16, no. 2 (2001), 167–80.

　

　

第十八章

　

1. Kerr and Bowen, Family Evaluation, 279.

2. Mogens R.Jensen,"Psychobiological Factors Predicting the Course of Breast Cancer," Journal of Personality 55, no. 2 (June 1987), 337.

3. Levy, Behavior and Cancer, 165.

4. S.Warren et al.,"Emotional Stress and the Development of Multiple Sclerosis: Case-Control Evidence of a Relationship," Journal of Chronic Disease 35 (1982), 821–31.

5. Ford, A Glad Awakening.

6. Candace B. Pert, Molecules of Emotion, 193.

　

　

第十九章

　

1. A. J. Bdurtha et al.,"A Clinical, Histologic, and Immunologic Study of a Case of Metastatic Malignant Melanoma Undergoing Spontaneous Remission," Cancer 37 (1976), 735–42.

2. Rogentine et al., cited in B. Fox and B. Newberry, eds., Impact of Psychoendocrine Systems in Cancer and Immunity (New York:C. J. Hogrefe, 1984),259.

4. F. I. Fawzy et al.,"Malignant Melanoma: Effects of an Early Structured Psychiatric Intervention,Coping,and Affective State on Recurrence and Survival 6 Years Later," Archives of General Psychiatry 50 (1993), 681–89; cited in Michael Lerner, Choices in Healing (Cambridge, Mass.:The MIT Press, 1994), 159.

5. F. I. Fawzy et al.,"A Structured Psychiatric Intervention for Cancer Patients: Changes over Time in Immunologic Measures," Archives of General Psychiatry 47 (1990), 729–35.

6. Oliver Sacks, The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat and Other Clinical Tales (New York: HarperPerennial, 1990).

7. A. F.Siegman et al.,"Antagonistic Behavior, Dominance, Hostility, and Coronary Heart Disease," Psychosomatic Medicine 62 (2000), 248–57.

8. L. R. Ormont,"Aggression and Cancer in Group Treatment" in Jane G. Goldberg, ed., The Psychotherapy of Cancer Patients (New York:The Free Press,1981),226.

9. V. J. Felitti et al.,"Relationship of Childhood Abuse and Household Dysfunction to Many of the Leading Causes of Death in Adults:The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study," American Journal of Preventative Medicine 14, no. 4 (1998), 245–58.